• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention describes a process for obtaining semi-automatic mode, the point thickness, average and the actual volume of the shotcrete on a newly constructed bolted slope. It includes a terrestrial lidar system, responsible for the capture of the slope data, a reference system through bolts that allows the registration of both physical models and a program that calculates the point thickness, average and associated volumes. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2650964A1
    申请号:ES201600608
    申请日:2016-07-22
    公开日:2018-01-23
    发明作者:Higinio González Jorge；Pedro ARIAS SÁNCHEZ；Iván PUENTE LUNA；Joaquín MARTÍNEZ SÁNCHEZ
    申请人:Universidade de Vigo；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    PROCEDURE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESSES AND CONCRETE VOLUMES PROJECTED IN NEW CONSTRUCTION TALUDS. REINFORCED WITH BULONS. BY UPAR TERRESTRIAL DATA
    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
    It has application in topography studies, particularly in Civil Engineering works, such as tunnels, slopes and walls, it is applied together on reinforcements and meshes, which are fixed by means of heavy systems, such as bolts, bars, anchors.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The shotcrete is an indispensable element in the procedures of support and structural coating of tunnels and slopes. Its application is, without a doubt, one of the most demanded activities in construction, (EFNARC, 1996. European Specification for Sprayed Concrete, European Federation of National Association of Specialist Repair Contractors and Material Suppliers for the Construction Industry, Aldershot, UK) . It is projected at high speed on an application surface, to which it adheres, using a hose where it is driven by compressed air. In many Civil Engineering works, such as tunnels, slopes and walls, it is applied together on reinforcements and meshes, which are fixed by means of heavy systems, such as bolts, bars, anchors, etc.
    However, the commissioning of the shotcrete is critical, since the thickness of the layer and the quality of the resulting work, as well as its performance and other requirements requested by the designer, depend largely on the skill of the operator .
    Some researchers (Ginouse, N. et al., 2014. Construction and Building Materials, 70: 362-369; Ginouse, N. and Jolin, M., 2015. Construction
    and Building Materials, 93: 966-972) have studied rebound and mechanisms
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    of consolidation that control the application process of the shotcrete. The calculation of the rebound is very important from an economic point of view, as it affects the cost of the concrete placed. Others (Kuchta, ME, 2002, SME Preprint 02-35, SME Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ; Malgrem, L. et al., 2005, Tunelling and Underground Space Technology, 20: 33-48) have focused their studies on analyzing those factors involved in the adhesion of the shotcrete on the underlying material.
    However, there is no literature that analyzes the actual thickness of the shotcrete layer, and in the few cases found (Girmscheid, G. and Moser, S., 2001, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 16 (3): 200-215; Rodríguez, A. et al., 2009, In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Methods in Tunnelling, EURO: TUN, Bochum, Germany, 875-882) only statistical and / or parametric models are proposed that they model the theoretical way in which the shotcrete is distributed along an objective surface, as long as the operating conditions are known.
    In this context, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging or Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) terrestrial technology allows to capture physical information from a fixed or mobile platform (car, train, ship, etc.) in a fast and safe way. This technology provides accurate three-dimensional data that can be used by professionals in fields related to Civil Engineering and Construction. It represents an alternative to the empirical methods for measuring thicknesses existing so far (Girmscheid, G. and Moser, S., 2001, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 16 (3): 200-215; Rodríguez, A. et al., 2009, In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Methods in Tunnelling, EURO: TUN, Bochum, Germany, 875-882).
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a new method that allows
    get semi-automatic, punctual, average thickness and volume
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    of shotcrete used in the lining of a newly constructed slope. For this reason, a terrestrial LiDAR system, a reference frame or system and LiDAR data processing software are needed.
    The inspection system selected for this procedure is a terrestrial laser scanner. LiDAR technology allows you to create a cloud of points from geometric samples on the surface of the object. In this way, and after a post-processing stage, the complete slope models, previously stabilized by bolting, are generated before and after the completion of the work of the shotcrete. That is, a sequentially programmed data collection is required, depending on the planning and execution time of the constructed slope.
    Both scans have to be integrated into a common reference system by means of a process that is generally called registration (or alignment), and in which the geometric transforms that reference the slope models to the same coordinate system are sought. Hence the need for a frame of reference, which serves as a common element to execute the registry. In this procedure the bolts or bar anchors are used, which serve as support and reinforcement of the slope, as fixed reference elements.
    Once the complete three-dimensional models of each of the gunite layers have been obtained, and after their geometric registration, the next step consists in the calculation of thicknesses and volumes. This stage is carried out completely using an algorithm implemented in MATLAB®, a computer tool specialized in matrix calculation. The code used can also be implemented in complementary programming languages such as C, C ++, etc.
    Thanks to this procedure it is possible to estimate the thicknesses and volumes of concrete in addition to the accuracy of the calculations. Thus
    fraudulent calculations could be detected by oversizing the materials used during commissioning.
    DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
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    An illustrative example of the present invention is described below.
    Example 1: Measurement of qunita volume in new construction.
    The selected study area is located in the municipality of Vigo and includes the gunite of a slope that is 10 71 meters wide by 21 meters high.
    In this example, the average thickness and volume of the gunite layer used is calculated. The procedure is based on two successive data shots: one before and one after the gunite and consists of the following steps:
    15 Detection of bolts placed for slope consolidation:
    The bolts placed on the slope will act as fixed reference points and to automate obtaining their position, they are detected using deep learning techniques (in English, deep learning). Deep learning consists of a set of machine learning algorithms 20 that attempts to obtain high-level models from 3D geometric data and multiple non-linear transformations.
    1. The data of the stabilized slope layer and the final layer after the gunite are loaded.
    2. Both layers are processed with the pin detector.
    25 3. The coordinates of the fixed points are generated through the process of
    gunite.
    Correqistro of point clouds using fixed points:
    From the calculated fixed points, point clouds will be placed in the
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    same coordinate system with the objective of carrying out the measurements. The steps in this process are:
    4. Rude registration through the RANSAC paradigm.
    5. Fine registration using the ICP algorithm.
    5 6. Both layers (anterior and posterior) are generated as point clouds
    Registered
    Calculation of the thickness and volume of shotcrete:
    To obtain the final values of thickness and volume, the following steps 10 are followed:
    7. A grid or mesh (X, Y) is generated on the surface of the slope with a resolution chosen by the user, preferably with a resolution greater than 5cm * 5cm.
    8. Height values are calculated for each of the layers
    15 recorded, interpolated in the coordinates of the mesh points.
    9. The height difference (Z coordinates) is then calculated. This calculation is accompanied by a color map where the specific thicknesses of the projected concrete layer are represented.
    10. Finally, the volume between the two shots is calculated, which
    20 is equivalent to the volume of concrete in the section analyzed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
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    1. Procedure for measuring the thicknesses and volume of shotcrete used in a slope, characterized by comprising the following stages:
    a) Capture of slope data in two successive layers, one before and one after the guning process by means of a LiDAR system;
    b) detection of consolidation bolts as fixed process points;
    c) registration of said layers in the same coordinate system;
    d) calculation of final values of concrete thickness and volume.
    [2]
    2. Procedure for measuring concrete thicknesses and volumes, according to claim 1, characterized in that in step b) the detection of consolidation bolts comprises the following steps:
    1) the data of the stabilized slope layer and the final layer after the gunite are loaded;
    2) both layers are processed with the pin detector;
    3) the coordinates of the fixed points are generated through the guning process.
    [3]
    3. Procedure for measuring concrete thicknesses and volumes, according to claim 1, characterized in that in step c) of registering the layers in a coordinate system, two types of registers are carried out, one rude by RANSAC paradigm and another register. fine using an ICP algorithm.
    [4]
    4. Procedure for measuring concrete thicknesses and volumes, according to claim 1, characterized in that in step d) the thickness calculation comprises the following steps:
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    1) The data of two consecutive layers is loaded, a previous layer of stabilized slope and another subsequent and final layer after the gunite;
    2) Interpolated values are generated for each of the layers, so that both layers have the same reference surface coordinate pairs;
    3) Dimension differences are calculated with respect to each reference surface coordinate pair, the result represents the point thickness of the analyzed layer;
    4) Finally, the average thickness and standard deviation of the calculation are calculated, this result is accompanied by a histogram.
    [5]
    5. Procedure for measuring concrete thicknesses and volumes, according to claim 1, characterized in that in step d) the volume calculation comprises the following steps:
    1) A grid or mesh (X, Y) is generated on the surface of the slope with a resolution chosen by the user, preferably with a resolution greater than 5cm * 5cm .;
    2) The height values for each initially interpolated layer that correspond to the grid coordinates are calculated;
    3) The difference of these values (Z coordinates) is calculated, said calculation is accompanied by a color map where the specific thicknesses of each layer are represented;
    4) Finally, the volume contained between the two layers is calculated, which is equivalent to the volume of the concrete projected in the analyzed section.
    [6]
    6. Use of the procedure for measuring concrete thicknesses and volumes, according to claims 1 to 5, used in Civil Engineering works, such as tunnels, slopes and walls, is applied jointly on reinforcements and meshes, which are fixed by means of systems heavy, such as bolts, bars, anchors.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2650964B1|2018-08-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2508015A2|2013-04-15|2014-10-15|Universidade De Vigo|Procedure for the characterization of road pavements |
    法律状态:
    2018-08-29| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2650964 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20180829 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201600608A|ES2650964B1|2016-07-22|2016-07-22|Procedure for the measurement of thicknesses and volumes of shotcrete on newly constructed slopes, reinforced with bolts, using terrestrial Lidar data|ES201600608A| ES2650964B1|2016-07-22|2016-07-22|Procedure for the measurement of thicknesses and volumes of shotcrete on newly constructed slopes, reinforced with bolts, using terrestrial Lidar data|
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